A large part of protozoology is devoted to the study of single-celled microorganisms and considers protozoan human parasites as one of the living forms of organisms.
From the medical parasitology point of view, which studies the manner and cause of disease, its symptoms (one of the individual signs, frequent manifestations of disease, pathological conditions or disorders of any life process) and treatments, protozoa take the lead. This was followed by helminthology and arachnidology aimed at getting rid of worm infestations - a systematic approach in medicine to get rid of arthropod parasites.
The animal world is represented by single-celled microorganisms that are ubiquitous—from the seabed to the upper atmosphere. They all belong to the sub-kingdom of protozoa, or protozoa, which are representatives of more than 15, 000 single-celled organisms.
Among the free-living, single-celled species, there are parasites classified as a separate category that cause many serious diseases -- protozoa disease and its corresponding symptoms, said a senior researcher at the Medical Center.
The simplest are dozens of parasites that live at the expense of the human body. The amebiasis resides in the intestine and causes the symptoms of amebiasis (one of the individual signs, a common manifestation of any disease, a pathological condition or a disorder of any life process). If this is the dysentery form of the parasite, then it can cause dysentery as well as the development of giardiasis, which leads to giardiasis. The soft tissue of the internal organs can be affected by Plasmodium and Toxoplasma gondii, causing the unpleasant symptoms of toxoplasmosis and requiring special treatment.
structure of single-celled organisms
The body of a microorganism has only one cell, including the nucleus and cytoplasm. It is lined with the cytoplasmic membrane containing the organelles - the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. They both provide nutrition, respiration, movement, metabolic processes, and processes of excretion.
The bodies of single-celled organisms have both constant and variable shapes (can refer to: the shape of an object - the relative position of the object's boundary (outline), the relative position of the object, and the relative position of the point line). Some representatives of protozoa have symmetrical bodies and some have asymmetrical body shapes. Representatives of flagellated parasites resemble spindles in appearance. The rhizome of the form (it can represent: the shape of the object - the mutual arrangement of the boundaries (contours) of the object, the object, and the relative position of the line points) has no body at all.
Cells divide by simple mitosis, but in some species, during reproduction, fertilization occurs while having sex to form a zygote. Almost all the simplest organisms are heterotrophs, but among them are autotrophic species of unicellular parasites.
The amoeba has a motor function due to pseudopodia and appears to overflow, throwing the pseudopodia. Ciliates move because of the often shortened cilia, which cover their bodies in large numbers. The movement of the flagella is due to the movement of the flagella themselves, hence their name.
The feeding process of amoeba is also related to pseudopodia, which wrap food and absorb it. Some forms use a honeycomb mouth for feeding. Digestion is carried out by phagocytosis - an internal process, and by pinocytosis - the process by which the entire surface of the body absorbs food from the outside.
The main characteristic of protozoa during the onset of adverse conditions is the formation of cysts. The process of cyst formation in the dysentery amoeba is particularly characteristic. It allows parasites (a type of biological coexistence) to maintain their vitality during prolonged resuscitation.
Main class of protozoan parasites (one of the types of coexisting organisms)
Representatives of unicellular organisms (a living organism with a set of properties that distinguish it from inanimate matter, including metabolism, self-sustainment of its structure and tissues, and ability to reproduce them) are assigned to four main categories:
Sarcode class
The sarcode class includes one of the most common and most dangerous single-celled parasites to humans, Amoeba dysenteriae, which exists in 4 different forms:
- Plants are the largest, reaching 20 microns. The discovery of the parasite in freshly passed stool confirms a disappointing diagnosis, the symptoms of which speak for themselves.
- A pathogenic form of tissue or parasite that leads to a parasitic lifestyle within the colon lumen. The failure of intestinal mucosal amoeba arises in a specific way.
- Translucent, or predominant form of dysentery amoeba living in the lumen of the large intestine. This form causes the characteristic symptoms of the disease. They were observed during the patient's remission or during the transport phase. The presence of parasites has not been established in feces of any nature.
- The procystic form of the amoeba is immobilized in the semi-formed feces of diseased human carriers, or in patients in the recovery phase.
The main symptoms of the disease caused by the amoebic form are permanent severe pain in the lower abdomen, frequent bowel movements with brown stools due to blood content and streaks of mucus. Body temperature remains within the normal range. Similar conditions may periodically accompany the patient for several years and lead to exhaustion and the development of anemia. Due to complications arising from the amoeba's tissue form, the patient may die without proper treatment.
flagellates or flagellates
One feature is that the body is equipped with the simplest motor organ - one or more flagella. Such widely pathogenic microorganisms are:
- Trypanosoma, which causes African sleeping sickness;
- Leishmaniasis causing urban or rural leishmaniasis;
- Trichomonas - the causative agent of trichomoniasis, mainly in the vaginal form;
- Giardia is the protozoa that causes giardiasis.
Sporozoites
A typical representative of sporozoites is Plasmodium, which causes symptoms of valerian and toxoplasmosis, causing toxoplasmosis.
Ciliates
A feature of this type of microorganism is the presence of cilia throughout the microorganism. They perform motor functions, so ciliates have the ability to move quickly. The representative of this class is balantidia - the largest human parasite in the protozoan family. Causes severe and severe disease balantidiasis in the context of ulcerative processes. The disease develops in an acute subclinical form and can be fatal.